Last data update: May 06, 2024. (Total: 46732 publications since 2009)
Records 1-3 (of 3 Records) |
Query Trace: Nkemjika S[original query] |
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Adverse childhood experiences and associations with mental health, substance use, and violence perpetration among young adults in sub-Saharan Africa
Brown C , Nkemjika S , Ratto J , Dube SR , Gilbert L , Chiang L , Picchetti V , Coomer R , Kambona C , McOwen J , Akani B , Kamagate MF , Low A , Manuel P , Agusto A , Annor FB . Child Abuse Negl 2023 Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) can have debilitating effects on child well-being, with consequences persisting into adulthood. Most ACE studies have been conducted in high-income countries and show a graded relationship between multiple ACE exposures and adverse health outcomes. Less is known about the types and burden of ACEs in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Objective: To estimate the pooled prevalence of six individual and cumulative ACE exposures (physical, sexual, and emotional violence; orphanhood; witnessing interparental and community violence) and assess their association with mental health outcomes, substance use, and violence perpetration among young adults in SSA. Participants and setting: Aggregate data from the Violence Against Children and Youth Survey (VACS) in Cote d'Ivoire 2018, Kenya 2019, Lesotho 2018, Mozambique 2019, and Namibia 2019 included a sample of 11,498 young adults aged 18–24 years. Methods: Cumulative ACEs were defined by an integer count of the total number of individual ACEs (0 to 6). Weighted prevalence and adjusted odds ratios were estimated. Result: ACEs prevalence ranged from 7.8 % (emotional violence) to 55.0 % (witnessing community violence). Strong graded relationships between cumulative ACE exposure and all study outcomes for both males and females were observed. Among females, witnessing interparental violence was the only individual ACE risk factor significantly associated with increased odds of substance use; among males, emotional violence was significantly associated with all outcomes. Conclusion: ACEs are associated with adverse mental health, substance use, and violence perpetration in SSA. Gender-specific and culturally sensitive intervention strategies are needed to effectively mitigate ACEs in this population. © 2023 |
Comorbid substance use and mental health disorders: Prior treatment/admission as a predictor of criminal arrest among American youths
Nkemjika S , Olatunji E , Olwit C , Jegede O , Brown C , Olupona T , Okosun IS . Cureus 2022 14 (1) e21551 BACKGROUND: There is a dearth of literature with regards to substance use disorder (SUD) treatment outcomes and criminal arrest relationships. AIM: We aimed to examine the association between criminal arrest within a month prior to SUD treatment admissions among 12- to 24-year-old Americans and the role of recurrent or prior SUD treatment. METHODS: The 2017 United States Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) Treatment Episode Data Set - Admissions (TEDS-A; N = 333,322) was used for this analysis. Prevalence odds ratios from the multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine associations between recurrent or prior SUD treatment and criminal arrest one month before admission, adjusting for selected independent variables. RESULTS: Prior history of SUD treatment remained associated with past criminal arrest (adjusted OR = 0.972; 95% CI: 0.954-0.991; P = 0.004)after adjusting for gender, marital status, employment status, and source of income. Comorbid SUD-mental disorder was associated with past criminal arrest (adjusted OR = 1.046; 95% CI: 1.010-1.083; P = 0.012)after adjusting for gender, marital status, employment status, education, and source of income. CONCLUSION: Our study shows that there is a protective association between history of previous substance treatment re-admissions and its relationship with criminal arrest one month before admission. |
Sociodemographic attributes and racial disparities for waiting times towards admissions for substance use disorder treatment in the tri-state area (NY-NJ-CT): a cross-sectional study
Nkemjika S , Oforeh K , Brown C , Olayinka O , Okosun IS . Int J Ment Health Addict 2022 Given the potential benefits of SUD treatment compliance and the continuing problems associated with waiting for treatment, it is critical to establish an understanding of the factors that influence the cause and duration of waiting time for treatment services.The 2018 US Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) Treatment Episode Data Set-Admissions (TEDS-D) were used for this analysis. Prevalence odds ratios from the multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine associations between sociodemographic attributes and waiting times prior to SUD admission treatment. Compared to African Americans, the odds of waiting 1–7 days to enter treatment were highest among Alaskan Natives (OR = 1.637, 95% CI: 1.243–2.156). The odds of waiting more than 1 week to enter treatment were 1.690 times higher (95% CI: 1.299–2.197) among Blacks/African Americans after adjusting for race, marital status, employment, and biological sex; there was a statistically significant association between the level of educational attainment and waiting 1–7 days to enter treatment.This study shows that among adults seeking admission into a SUD treatment program, waiting times varies across different sociodemographic attributes especially race as non-Hispanic blacks had a shorter wait time compared to other races. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. |
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